| José Camacho | Phone: 732.932.9412 ext.32 |
| Office hours: M/Th 11:15-12 & by appt. (CPH 303) | Fax: 732.932.9837 |
| Location: HCK 205 | |
| Class schedule: T/TH 1:10-2:30 |
1. Course content and objectives
* Prerequisite: 940:325, 326, or equivalent
This course introduces students to bilingualism, with
particular emphasis on bilingualism in the US, Latin America, and Spain.
The subject will be approached from a historical, sociological, theoretical
(linguistic and cognitive), political, and personal perspective.
As such, this course stresses the issues raised by bilingualism and theories
thereof.
Topics covered include Spanglish, diglossia, bilingual education (ESL vs. transition, submersion vs. immersion), language loyalty, politics and officialization of language (Canada, Spain, US), language planning, pidginization and creolization, and attitudes toward bilingualism, as well as more "scientific" topics such as bilingualism and cognition, the bilingual as a person, and the bilingual as a child.
2. Evaluation
| 2 tests | 40% | ||
| 4 homework exercises (4th = draft of paper) | 20% | ||
| Final version of paper expanded from survey results in 3rd homework | 25% | ||
| Oral presentation of survey results | 5% | ||
| Participation and attendance | 10% |
Homeworks are due on the following day from the day posted on the web syllabus
3. Notes regarding grades and other important
issues
Grading scale: A = 92, B+ = 87, B = 82, C+ = 77, C =
70, D= 60
Read the Statement
on plagiarism.
No make-ups without written excuses (doctor and dean).
Class participation (graded daily): Students are expected
to have read all the material before class and be ready to participate
in class activities that are based on the readings, to ask questions or
make comments. Presence in class is THE MINIMUM expected, but that alone
does not constitute active participation in class. The participation
grade, therefore, is earned daily, not gifted for "good attendance" at
the end of the semester.
FORMULA: # of participations - ½ # of absences
/ # of class meetings; thus, for the full number of participation points
possible: 28 - ½ (0) / 28 = 100 % * .10 = 10% of final grade.
Descripción del trabajo final: El trabajo final va a ser una pequeña investigación de algún fenómeno de bilingüismo en la sociedad/colectividad en la que ustedes viven. Incluirá una parte de encuesta (socio) lingüística y otra parte de conclusiones basadas en los resultados de la encuesta. No se aceptarán trabajos que no estén basados en investigación aplicada. O sea, no se puede hacer trabajos sobre la situación lingüística en España o Canadá, por ejemplo, a menos que estén dispuestos a viajar a hacer encuestas en esos países.
Formato del trabajo: El trabajo debe tener las siguientes partes: una presentacion preliminar sobre cuántas personas fueron entrevistadas, cuál es el fenómeno que se pretende estudiar, cuál es la hipótesis inicial. Además, el cuestionario que se utilizó. Debe incluir una parte de preguntas que determinen la información sociolingüística (ver muestras de cuestionarios en Zuñiga, Sanchez & Zacharías 2000). Si se va a analizar un fenómeno puramente lingüístico hay que explicitar qué tipo de cuestionarios o pruebas se van a realizar. Los trabajos pueden ser individuales o grupales y deberan seguir el formato del MLA o de APA.
Posibles temas del trabajo: Los trabajos pueden hacerse en las áreas de sociolingüística, lingüística teórica y educación bilingüe.
Temas sugeridos en el área de sociolingüística:
- Factores sociales involucrados en la alternancia de
códigos en sujetos bilingues. (v. Poplack 1981)
- Actitudes de los hablantes bilingües hacia cada
una de las lenguas o hacia el cambio de código.
Temas sugeridos en el área de lingüística:
- Restricciones gramaticales de la alternancia de códigos
- Variación dialectal observada en un grupo de
hablantes de una lengua en contacto con hablantes de otra lengua.
- Acceso al léxico de las dos lenguas en hablantes
bilingües.
Temas sugeridos en el área de educación
bilingüe:
- Actitudes de padres de familia, profesores y estudiantes
bilingües hacia los distintos tipos de educación bilingüe
(transicional o de mantenimiento).
4. E-mail
All students are expected
- to have an e-mail account and internet
access for this class.
- to e-mail the professor during the
first week of classes so that he can have a complete electronic list
of those enrolled.
Part of the course material will be drawn from the WWW,
and general announcements and grades can be delivered via e-mail.
Students could create their own web page to show the
results of their research and link it to the course's web page.
5. Required texts
A&M = Appel, R., and P. Muysken. 1996. Bilingüismo
y contacto de lenguas.
R = Romaine, S. 1995. Bilingualism. 2nd edn.
Various articles and books on reserve (some of them are
on line at Douglass Library, under the name of Liliana Sánchez,
instructor for 363 section 1)
6. Course outline
BILINGUALISM AS A DISCIPLINE
September
Date Meeting
4 1
Course introduction, Introducción,
Linguistics:
an Overview, prescritivism
terminology,
the study of language Sociolinguistics
6 2
Who is bilingual? sociolinguistics, A&M 9-20, R 1-22, Haugen;
dialects,
languages, idiolects. Tarea
1. Comentarios sobre la tarea 1. Ilustraciones
de contacto de lenguas:
archipielago, bolsas
aisladas, fronteras estables.
11 Class cancelled
BILINGUALISM AS A
SOCIAL PHENOMENON
13 3 Notions of bilingualism. R 23-30, Grosjean 1-41.
18 4 Bilingualism in society; A&M 23-36, attitudes toward language(s). R 288-302.
20 5
Diglossia, societal bilingualism, A &M 51-69, R 30-51 Questionnaire
on diglossia
Language maintenance, language shift.
25 6 Biculturalism. Grosjean 157-66. Tarea 2
27 7 Types of bilingualism. R 78-84, Grosjean 167-207.
October
2 8
Language minorities in the US. Grosjean 81-102.
Language maintenance in a Bilingual setting: Puerto Rico. Zentella
1982
4 9 PRUEBA 1
BILINGUALISM AS A LINGUISTIC PHENOMENON
9 10 The bilingual brain R 85-107, A&M 109-121
11 11 Effects of bilingualism. A&M 109-21, 151-72, R 107-19, 236-40
16 12 Language interference. A&M 123-50, R 51-67
18 13 Interlanguage grammars. Kirschner
23 14
Code-switching, language choice,discourse.A&M 175-92, 229-60,
R 120-141, 227-36
25 15 Pidgins and creoles. A&M 261-76, Muysken and Smith 3-14, R122-25
Conferencia sobre bilingüismo: 26-27
30 16
Measuring individual bilingualism. Hamers and Blanc, 14-23
Tarea 3
(=
ESQUEMA DE TRABAJO FINAL)
November
1 17
Politics of bilingualism. R 242-87
6 18 Multilingualism
in USA, English only. Beardsley, Zentella 1990
http://www.us-english.org/
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/ homepages/JWCRAWFORD/engonly.htm
BILINGUALISM AS A POLITICAL PHENOMENON
8 19 Multilingual USA and education
A&M 90-106, Crawford Introduction, Krashen
http://www.state.nj.us/njded/frameworks/worldlanguages/
13 20 Video: Lost
in Translation: Latino schools and society
Tarea 4
(= BORRADOR DE TRABAJO FINAL)
15 21 Bilingualism in Canada, multilingualism
in Spain. Lastra 37-51, 68-75
http://www.sispain.org/SiSpain/english/language/
http://www.pch.gc.ca/offlangoff/policy/act_in_brief.html
20 22 Multilingualism in Latin America. Prosser, Adelaar.
22 Thanksgiving
27 23 PRUEBA 2
29 24 Presentaciones en clase
December
4 25 Presentaciones
en clase
6 26 Presentaciones en clase
11 27 Presentaciones
en clase. Entrega de trabajos finales.
7. List of Readings (including those on reserve @ Douglass Library)
Adelaar, W. 1991. "The Endangered Languages Problem: South
America."
Endangered
Languages 45-89. Berg Publishing.
Amastae, Jon and Lucia Elias Olivares (1982) Spanish
in the United States: sociolinguistics aspects. (PC4826.S64)
Arizona Language Education Council. ( http://www.alec2000.org/)
Baker, C. 1997. Fundamentos de educación
bilingüe y bilingüismo.
Bergen, J. 1990. Spanish in the United States: sociolinguistic
issues. (PC 4826.S65)
Beardsley, T. 1982. "Spanish in the United States." Word
33.15-27.
Crawford, James. 1984. Bilingual Education in the US:
History, Politics, Theory and Practice. (LC 3731.C73.1989).
Crawford, J.W. web page on English only. (http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/JWCRAWFORD/engonly.htm)
Grosjean, F. 1982. Life with two languages. Cambridge:
Harvard UP. (P115.G76 1982)
Hamers, J. and M. Blanc. 1989. Bilinguality and Bilingualism.
Cambridge: Cambridge UP. (P115.H3613 1989)
Haugen, E. 1987. Blessings of Babel: Bilingualism and
language planning. Ch. 3: Bilingual competence. Berlin: Mouton de
Gruyter.
Kirschner, C. 1981. "The Spanish-English bilingual and
the verb + particle combination." The Bilingual Review 8.1.
Lastra, Y. 1992. Sociolingüística para hispanoamericanos.
Una introducción. México. El Colegio de México. (P40.L37
1992)
Muysken P. and N. Smith. 1994. "The study of pidgin and
creole languages" in Pidgins and Creoles. An introduction.
Amsterdam:
Benjamins.
Number, G. and T. Wasow. "The Field of Linguistics. An
overview. "Linguistics Society of America.
(http://www.lsadc.org/web2/fldfr.htm)
Prosser, Michael. 1994. "Apuntes sobre la puesta en práctica
de políticas lingüísticas bilingües-biculturales
en las lenguas
indígenas
en 4 países de America Latina" Estudios de Lengua y Cultura Amerindias
I. (Ed.) Julio Calvo Perez.
Universidad
de Valencia.167-178.
Reynolds, A. 1991. "The cognitive consequences of bilingualism."
ERIC/CLL News Bulletin 14.2.
Rodriguez, R. "Memories of a bilingual childhood." American
Educator.
Sánchez, L. 1997. Ecosistemas lingüísticos
y lenguas o variedades dialectales extintas y en peligro de extinción
en el Perú.
Hontanar.
Vol 1,1, 37-58.
Zúñiga, M., L. Sánchez and D. Zacharías.
2000. Demanda y Necesidad de Educación Bilingüe: Lenguas Indígenas
y
Castellano
en el Sur Andino. Lima, Peru: Ministerio de Educación (Peru's Ministry
of Education), GTZ (German
Cooperation
Agency) and KfW (Germany's Financial Cooperation).
Silva-Corvalán, C. 1989. "Lenguas en contacto,"
ch. 5.3 of Sociolingüística. Madrid: Alhambra.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 1995. Spanish on four
continents. (PC4107.S5. 1995)
USEnglish.(http://www.us-english.org/)
Wolfram, W. "Sociolinguistics." Linguistics Society of
America. (http://www.lsadc.org/web2/fldfr.htm)
Zentella, A. 1985. "Fate of Spanish in the United States:
The Puerto Rican Experience." Language of Inequality. Berlin,
Mouton.
9. General references, www linguistic sites and information
Crystal, David. 1997. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language.
2nd edition.
How to cite electronic references (MLA format)
The Human Languages page (http://www.june29.com/HLP)
Linguist List (http://www.linguistlist.org - una lista
electrónica de lingüística con información sobre
distintos aspectos del campo. Incluye diccionarios, recursos generales
de lingüística, páginas individuales, personas, instituciones,
etc.)
What is 'Correct' Language? (http://www.lsadc.org/web2/fldfr.htm
- prescriptivismo vs. descriptivismo), por Edward Finegan
Department of Linguistics (Rutgers)
10. Data Bases
Mac Whinney, B.1988. The Childes Database.
Contains audio and video recordings of Spanish-English
bilingual infants.
Sánchez, L. and R. Cuenca. 2000. Demanda y Necesidad
de Educación Bilingüe: Lenguas Indígenas y Castellano
en el Sur Andino. Lima, Peru: Ministerio de Educación (Peru's Ministry
of Education), GTZ (German Cooperation Agency) and KfW (Germany's Financial
Cooperation).
CD-ROM. Contains survey samples used in Peru to determine
language use, type of bilinguals, parents and children’s language preference,
etc among Quechua-Spanish Bilinguals. It also contains tables with survey
results, children’s recordings in Bilingual Spanish and transcriptions
of recordings.
Sanchez, L. 2000. Narraciones en Quechua, Aymara y Castellano.
CD-ROM. Contains children’s recordings in Bilingual Spanish,
Quechua and Aymara.
Last updated: 8/22/2001